A Handful of Dust

by

Evelyn Waugh

Themes and Colors
Communication Breakdown and the Loss of Meaning Theme Icon
Religion, Morality, and Tradition Theme Icon
Chance and Fate Theme Icon
Civilization vs. Barbarism Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in A Handful of Dust, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Religion, Morality, and Tradition Theme Icon

Religion, morality, and tradition are notably absent from the lives of the characters in A Handful of Dust. This conspicuous absence is precisely Waugh’s point in the novel, which seeks to portray the hollowness of a society where religion, morality, and tradition have lost their grip. Amoral and mendacious behavior dominates Brenda’s London social scene. Its status-obsessed members seem incapable of, and uninterested in, anything beyond ephemeral gossip and social climbing. Tony’s unoffending passivity may seem preferable to such active nastiness, but his behavior turns out to be nearly as shallow: having disingenuously offered John Beaver an invite to Hetton, he then tries to sabotage Beaver’s unexpected visit by shunning his duties as a host. This inhospitality violates the chivalric code embodied in Hetton’s Arthurian décor, and it exposes the frivolity of Tony’s make-believe existence within its walls. Though the imitation-Gothic surroundings let Tony think of himself as  a descendent of the knights of medieval legend—who were the English aristocracy of their day—Tony has no conception of the stringent values by which they lived, only superficially aping them in his relative politeness.

Religion’s absence is the key to this woeful neglect of tradition and morality. For Waugh, religion is the ground from which morality springs. Accordingly, his vicious satire targets the rapidly secularizing modern world for its unthinking abandonment of any basis for traditional moral codes. The London milieu simply has no interest in religion whatsoever, and its degraded behavior naturally follows. Tony’s enthusiasm for churchgoing, by contrast, is just an equally empty social ritual: when the Hetton vicar Mr. Tendril tries to comfort Tony after John Andrew’s death, Tony says, “It was very painful… after all the last thing one wants to talk about at a time like this is religion.” Later, in the jungle, when Mr. Todd asks him if he believes in God, Tony replies, “I suppose so. I’ve never really thought about it much.” Tony’s blithe participation in “Christian” social events without even wrestling with actual belief is just as hollow as the London scene’s openly amoral conduct.

Waugh, however, does not simply mean to finger-wag at the irreligious for their impiety. Mr. Tendril’s comic neglect of updating his sermons from 40 years ago in India, and his parishioners’ dopey acceptance of this irrelevant recycled product, encapsulates the Church’s failure to come to terms with modernity. Waugh takes seriously the crises of meaning in a rapidly technologizing world. In not rising to this challenge, the Church invites its own fate of becoming a meaningless social custom. In Waugh’s view, as religion recedes in the face of societal upheaval, the morality and tradition once grounded in it come toppling down. People accordingly become the way Waugh shows them in this book: weak, foolish, and depraved.

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Religion, Morality, and Tradition Quotes in A Handful of Dust

Below you will find the important quotes in A Handful of Dust related to the theme of Religion, Morality, and Tradition.
Chapter 2: English Gothic—I Quotes

When service was over he stood for a few minutes at the porch chatting affably with the vicar's sister and the people from the village. Then he returned home by a path across the fields which led to a side door in the walled garden; he visited the hothouses and picked himself a buttonhole, stopped by the gardeners' cottages for a few words (the smell of Sunday dinners rising warm and overpowering from the little doorways) and then, rather solemnly, drank a glass of sherry in the library. That was the simple, mildly ceremonious order of his Sunday morning, which had evolved, more or less spontaneously, from the more severe practices of his parents; he adhered to it with great satisfaction. Brenda teased him whenever she caught him posing as an upright, God-fearing gentleman of the old school and Tony saw the joke, but this did not at all diminish the pleasure he derived from his weekly routine, or his annoyance when the presence of guests suspended it.

Related Characters: Tony Last, Brenda Last
Page Number: 33
Explanation and Analysis:

[Rev. Tendril’s] sermons had been composed in his more active days for delivery at the garrison chapel; he had done nothing to adapt them to the changed conditions of his ministry and they mostly concluded with some reference to homes and dear ones far away. The villagers did not find this in any way surprising. Few of the things said in church seemed to have any particular reference to themselves. They enjoyed their vicar's sermons very much and they knew that when he began about their distant homes, it was time to be dusting their knees and feeling for their umbrellas.

Related Characters: Mr. Tendril
Page Number: 35-36
Explanation and Analysis:

When Tony came back they were sitting in the library. Beaver was telling Brenda's fortune with cards. “... Now cut to me again,” he was saying, “and I'll see if it's any clearer... Oh yes... there is going to be a sudden death which will cause you great pleasure and profit. In fact you are going to kill someone. I can't tell if it's a man or a woman... yes, a woman... then you are going to go on a long journey across the sea, marry six dark men and have eleven children, grow a beard and die.”

“Beast. And all this time I've been thinking it was serious.”

Related Characters: Brenda Last (speaker), John Beaver (speaker)
Page Number: 38-39
Explanation and Analysis:

“But don't you like the house?”

“Me? I detest it... at least I don't mean that really, but I do wish sometimes that it wasn't all, every bit of it, so appallingly ugly. Only I'd die rather than say that to Tony. We could never live anywhere else, of course.”

Related Characters: Brenda Last (speaker), John Beaver (speaker)
Related Symbols: Hetton
Page Number: 40-41
Explanation and Analysis:

But with the exception of her sister's, opinion was greatly in favour of Brenda's adventure. The morning telephone buzzed with news of her; even people with whom she had the barest acquaintance were delighted to relate that they had seen her and Beaver the evening before at a restaurant or cinema. It had been an autumn of very sparse and meagre romance; only the most obvious people had parted or come together, and Brenda was filling a want long felt by those whose simple, vicarious pleasure it was to discuss the subject in bed over the telephone […] The choice of Beaver raised the whole escapade into a realm of poetry for Polly and Daisy and Angela and all the gang of gossips.

Related Characters: Polly Cockpurse , Brenda Last , John Beaver
Related Symbols: Telephones
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

“How difficult it is for us,” he began, blandly surveying his congregation, who coughed into their mufflers and chafed their chilblains under their woolen gloves, “to realize that this is indeed Christmas. Instead of the glowing log fire and windows tight shuttered against the drifting snow, we have only the harsh glare of an alien sun; instead of the happy circle of loved faces, of home and family, we have the uncomprehending stares of the subjugated, though no doubt grateful, heathen. Instead of the placid ox and ass of Bethlehem,” said the vicar, slightly losing the thread of his comparisons, “we have for companions the ravening tiger and the exotic camel, the furtive jackal and the ponderous elephant...” And so on, through the pages of faded manuscript.

Related Characters: Mr. Tendril (speaker)
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3: Hard Cheese on Tony Quotes

“You know there wasn't really much for her to do all the time at Hetton. Of course she'd rather die than admit it, but I believe she got a bit bored there sometimes. I've been thinking it over and that's the conclusion I came to. Brenda must have been bored…”

Related Characters: Tony Last (speaker), Brenda Last , Jock Grant-Menzies
Page Number: 77
Explanation and Analysis:

“Nothing could have been more fortunate,” Brenda said. “If I know Tony, he’ll be tortured with guilt for weeks to come.”

Related Characters: Brenda Last (speaker), Tony Last
Page Number: 89
Explanation and Analysis:

“This has been a jolly weekend”

“I thought you were enjoying it”

“Just like the old times—before the economics began”

Related Characters: Tony Last (speaker), Brenda Last (speaker)
Page Number: 115
Explanation and Analysis:

“I only wanted to see [Rev. Tendril] about arrangements. He tried to be comforting. It was very painful… after all the last thing one wants to talk about at a time like this is religion.”

Related Characters: Tony Last (speaker), Mrs. Rattery , Mr. Tendril
Page Number: 140
Explanation and Analysis:

She frowned, not at once taking in what he was saying. “John… John Andrew… I… Oh thank God…” Then she burst into tears.

Related Characters: Brenda Last (speaker), John Andrew , John Beaver, Jock Grant-Menzies
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:

“But it’s not true, is it?”

“Yes, I’m afraid it is. Everyone has known for some time.”

But it was several days before Tony fully realized what it meant. He had got into a habit of loving and trusting Brenda.

Related Characters: Tony Last (speaker), Jock Grant-Menzies (speaker), Brenda Last , John Beaver
Page Number: 152
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4: English Gothic—II Quotes

“How’s the old boy taking it?”

“Not so well. It makes me feel rather a beast,” said Brenda.

Related Characters: Brenda Last (speaker), Polly Cockpurse (speaker), Tony Last
Page Number: 153
Explanation and Analysis:

[Tony] reminded himself that phantasmagoric, and even gruesome as the situation might seem to him, he was nevertheless a host, so that he knocked at the communicating door and passed with a calm manner into his guest's room; for a month now he had lived in a world suddenly bereft of order; it was as though the whole reasonable and decent constitution of things, the sum of all he had experienced or learned to expect, were an inconspicuous, inconsiderable object mislaid somewhere on the dressing table; no outrageous circumstance in which he found himself, no new, mad thing brought to his notice, could add a jot to the all-encompassing chaos that shrieked about his ears.

Related Characters: Tony Last
Page Number: 167
Explanation and Analysis:

He hung up the receiver and went back to the smoking-room. His mind had suddenly become clearer on many points that had puzzled him. A whole Gothic world had come to grief... there was now no armour glittering through the forest glades, no embroidered feet on the green sward; the cream and dappled unicorns had fled...

Related Characters: Tony Last
Related Symbols: Hetton
Page Number: 184
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5: In Search of a City Quotes

For some days now Tony had been thoughtless about the events of the immediate past. His mind was occupied with the City, the Shining, the Many Watered, the Bright Feathered, the Aromatic Jam. He had a clear picture of it in his mind. It was Gothic in character, all vanes and pinnacles, gargoyles, battlements, groining and tracery, pavilions and terraces, a transfigured Hetton, pennons and banners floating on the sweet breeze, everything luminous and translucent; a coral citadel crowning a green hill-top sown with daisies, among groves and streams; a tapestry landscape filled with heraldic and fabulous animals and symmetrical, disproportionate blossom.

Related Characters: Tony Last
Related Symbols: Hetton
Page Number: 196
Explanation and Analysis:

“From now onwards the map is useless to us,” said Dr. Messinger with relish.

Related Characters: Dr. Messinger (speaker), Tony Last
Page Number: 217
Explanation and Analysis:

For weeks past she had attempted to keep a fair mind towards Tony and his treatment of her; now at last she broke down and turning over buried her face in her pillow, in an agony of resentment and self-pity.

Related Characters: Brenda Last
Page Number: 246
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6: Du Côté de Chez Todd Quotes

“I will tell you what I have learned in the forest, where time is different. There is no City. Mrs. Beaver has covered it with chromium plating and converted it into flats.”

Related Characters: Tony Last (speaker)
Page Number: 255
Explanation and Analysis:

“Do you believe in God?”

“I suppose so. I’ve never really thought about it much.”

Related Characters: Mr. Todd (speaker), Tony Last (speaker)
Page Number: 257
Explanation and Analysis: