Aurora Leigh

by

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Aurora Leigh: Book 7 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Continuing her conversation with Aurora, Marian thinks there’s no point thinking too much about Lady Waldemar’s motives, which are like the roots to nettles. Marian eventually got taken in by a miller’s wife for a few months. The miller’s wife had an easy life, being beautiful and having a loyal lover in addition to her husband. But one day, her mood suddenly changed as she accused Marian of being “disreputable” because she was pregnant. She kicked Marian out. Aurora interrupts to point out that the woman had her own moral issues if she was keeping a lover, but Marian just says that people measure things in different ways, similar to the difference between measuring gold and meal.
The behavior of the miller’s wife is hypocritical and shows how people hold women to a double standard. The miller’s wife is being blatantly unfaithful to her husband, even telling Marian about her lover, but she throws Marian out of her house when she falsely believes that Marian herself has been promiscuous. This distinction highlights how people often hold others to a higher standard when it comes to rules about marriage and sex, while finding ways to justify their own behavior to themselves.
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon
Feminism and Women’s Roles Theme Icon
Marian went on to live with a kind seamstress who allowed Marian to sew with the other girls. After his birth, her son became the new focus of her life. Aurora is moved by all of this and invites Marian and her baby to join her on her trip to Italy. Marian doesn’t answer with words but instead holds out her son for Aurora to kiss, showing her trust in Aurora. And so, she accepts Aurora’s offer to come to Italy.
By inviting Marian to come with her to Italy, Aurora finally begins to let other people into her life. In turn, Marian responds to this gesture of trust with her own gesture of trust, by holding out her own child for Aurora to kiss. This offer turns Marian and Aurora into a temporary, nontraditional type of family and contrasts with the earlier occasion when Aurora rejected starting a family with Romney.
Themes
Justice, Art, and Love Theme Icon
As Aurora prepares to go on to Italy, she thinks back to the day when Romney proposed to her. She thinks that if she had just accepted, she might have created a “nobler poem” than her own efforts at poetry, helping to save Romney and to prevent Marian’s misfortunes. She weeps due to how weary she feels.
Earlier, Aurora felt certain that she made the right choice by rejecting Romney. Her more regretful tone now shows how she has learned to be more introspective, unlike other characters such as Lady Waldemar or the miller’s wife, who aren’t capable of seeing their past mistakes.
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon
Justice, Art, and Love Theme Icon
Quotes
Aurora decides she’ll write to Lord Howe that Marian is alive in Paris and has a child. She asks Lord Howe to convey to Romney only that Marian is alive and safe with Aurora. Aurora then begins a new letter to Lady Waldemar, where she writes that she’s glad she never liked Lady Waldemar. She says she knows Lady Waldemar is evil but she won’t say anything to reveal it, for Romney’s sake. She hopes that Romney’s inheritance is enough to make up for Lady Waldemar selling her soul. Writing the letter is cathartic for Aurora.
At Lord Howe’s party and in her earlier letter to Lady Waldemar, Aurora held her tongue and tried to only speak according to the standards of politeness in English high society. Aurora’s willingness to be more direct shows how she has become more confident in herself and perhaps already started to take on more of the passionate Italian side of herself that she has been repressing for so long.
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon
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The next day, Aurora, Marian, and her son all take a train toward Italy. They pass through several French cities, reaching Marseilles and taking an overnight ship to Italy. Aurora can’t sleep on the ship, waiting for her first glimpse of Italy. They reach Genoa around daybreak, and seeing Italy immediately reminds Aurora of her father.
Dawn is a common symbol of new beginnings (as well as being associated with the Roman god Aurora), and here it symbolizes how Aurora begins a new phase of her life by returning to her old home of Italy. The long journey back to Italy from England symbolizes how much Aurora has changed from the girl she used to be, but her return trip shows how she wants to regain some of that old self.
Themes
Art and Truth Theme Icon
Aurora finds a house in Florence for them all to stay at. They spend several quiet, peaceful weeks there. Eventually, Aurora receives a letter from Vincent Carrington. He writes that he sent the money from the sold manuscript to her in Paris and was surprised to get no reply at all. He tells her that the book has done surprisingly well, with critics who ignored her work in the past now talking about it. Vincent himself read the book about two weeks ago and loves it. He mentions that he will be married in a month to Kate Ward, a woman whose eyes he loves to paint. Kate has learned many of Aurora’s poems by heart, and Vincent encourages Aurora to write back for her sake, if not for his.
By living in a house with Marian and her son, Aurora forms a new type of family unit. The closeness of the new family, combined with the Italian setting, make it the opposite of Aurora’s experiences back in England at Leigh Hall. But this new happiness doesn’t come at the expense of Aurora’s poetic dreams—in fact, the opposite, as she receives news that her poems have been successful in England. Vincent Carrington’s own life shows how personal love doesn’t have to conflict with artistic goals, as he met his wife first by painting her.
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon
Art and Truth Theme Icon
Quotes
Aurora is surprised by what Vincent Carrington wrote about her book’s success. She supposes the book was not as poor as she initially thought and might even have some truth in it. She knows that people like Romney look down on the artistic talents of women, and yet, she feels that truth is natural and difficult to deny. She marvels at how humans have the ability to be moved by nature in a way that a bird or a horse doesn’t, believing that even the most commonplace bush is full of God. Aurora feels that good art is more than just imitation and contains something essentially human, which in turn makes it part of God’s work.
Aurora learns that she may have been too hard on her own previous poetic work, now that it’s found success in England. As the novel has shown, characters aren’t always the best judges of themselves, and while sometimes they ignore their flaws (like Lady Waldemar), others like Aurora and Marian judge themselves too harshly. The connections that Aurora draws between religion and her poetic work help to explain why poetry is such an important part of her life.
Themes
Art and Truth Theme Icon
The hot weather of Italy is getting to Aurora, suggesting that her mother’s Italian blood alone is not enough to protect her from it. She decides to write back and briefly congratulate Vincent on his marriage to Kate. She wonders again about Romney and his decision to marry Lady Waldemar, but she decides that everyone sees by the light of the same sun, and so his view of Lady Waldemar is about as good as anyone’s.
Aurora’s inability to take the hot weather of Italy shows how her time in England has changed her and how a part of her has gotten used to the English landscape and lifestyle. Her continued thoughts about Romney and Lady Waldemar, for example, show how she can’t let that old life go, even after moving to Italy to start a new phase of life.
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon
Aurora marvels at the human capacity to reason, how humanity came up with the concept of humans and of seemingly simple concepts like circles and squares that other animals don’t have any concept of. Time passes in Italy, and summer becomes fall. Aurora likes to watch the animals and insects, feeling a sense of fellowship. One day, she rides back toward the house in the mountains where she used to live with her father. But as she approaches, she can tell the house is different and doesn’t want to have to confront the fact that her father is gone, so she turns around and rides back.
When Aurora goes back to see the old house where she lived with her father, she finds that it’s different from how she remembers it, which sums up her feelings about returning to Italy as a whole. Aurora doesn’t want to face this truth or be reminded of her old grief, so she turns away from the house. In this passage, it becomes clear that while Aurora’s trip back to Italy is changing her, it also doesn’t seem to be the solution to her problems and questions that she hoped for.
Themes
Art and Truth Theme Icon
Quotes
One evening near sunset, when Aurora is out walking on a bridge, she thinks she sees Sir Blaise. He seems to recognize her but hurries away and she does the same. Seeing him forces Aurora to think of England again, and from that day on, she struggles with writing her poetry.
The sudden appearance of Sir Blaise, or at least his lookalike, shows how parts of English life continue to intrude on Aurora while she’s in Italy. Aurora’s difficulties with her poetry suggest she is at a difficult moment in her life when she isn’t sure what type of person she wants to become. 
Themes
Marriage, Equality, and Social Class Theme Icon