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Act 1, Scene 3
Richard III Translation Act 1, Scene 4
Enter CLARENCE and BRAKENBURY
BRAKENBURY
Why looks your grace so heavily today?
BRAKENBURY
Why do you look so sad today, your Grace?
CLARENCE
O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly dreams, of ugly sights, That, as I am a Christian faithful man, I would not spend another such a night Though ’twere to buy a world of happy days, So full of dismal terror was the time.
CLARENCE
Oh, I had a miserable night last night. It was so full of ugly dreams and terrifying visions that I swear I wouldn't choose to spend another night like it—even if it bought me a lifetime of happy days.
BRAKENBURY
What was your dream, my lord? I pray you tell me.
BRAKENBURY
What was your dream, my lord? Please tell me.
CLARENCE
Methoughts that I had broken from the Tower And was embarked to cross to Burgundy, And in my company my brother Gloucester, Who from my cabin tempted me to walk Upon the hatches. Thence we looked toward England And cited up a thousand fearful times, During the wars of York and Lancaster That had befall'n us. As we paced along Upon the giddy footing of the hatches, Methought that Gloucester stumbled, and in falling Struck me, that thought to stay him, overboard Into the tumbling billows of the main. O Lord, methought what pain it was to drown, What dreadful noise of waters in my ears, What sights of ugly death within my eyes. Methoughts I saw a thousand fearful wracks, Ten thousand men that fishes gnawed upon, Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl, Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels, All scattered in the bottom of the sea. Some lay in dead men's skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept— as 'twere in scorn of eyes— reflecting gems, That wooed the slimy bottom of the deep And mocked the dead bones that lay scattered by.
CLARENCE
I dreamed that I had broken out of the Tower and was on a ship to France, and my brother Richard was with me. He persuaded me to leave my cabin and walk on the boat's deck with him. From there we looked toward England and reminisced about our many frightening experiences during the wars between the Yorks and the Lancasters. As we paced along the boards of the deck, Richard seemed to stumble, and as I tried to grab him he knocked me overboard into the rolling waves. Oh Lord, how painful it was to drown—with the dreadful noise of water in my ears and the ugly visions of death in my eyes. I seemed to see a thousand shipwrecks; ten thousand men whose bodies had been gnawed by fish; bars of gold; huge anchors; heaps of pearls; and vast amounts of priceless jewels, all scattered on the bottom of the sea. Some of the jewels lay inside of dead men's skulls. And they had crept into their empty eye sockets—so that they looked like false eyes. The gems reflected the slimy bottom of the ocean floor, and mocked the dead bones that lay scattered around.
BRAKENBURY
Had you such leisure in the time of death To gaze upon the secrets of the deep?
BRAKENBURY
Did you really have so much time to examine the secrets of the deep while you were dying?
CLARENCE
Methought I had, and often did I strive To yield the ghost, but still the envious flood Stopped in my soul and would not let it forth To find the empty, vast, and wand'ring air, But smothered it within my panting bulk, Who almost burst to belch it in the sea.
CLARENCE
It seemed like I did. And I often tried to die, but the jealous waves kept my soul bottled up inside of me, and wouldn't let it go free to find the empty, wandering air. The water kept my soul smothered inside my panting body until I almost burst open.
BRAKENBURY
Awaked you not in this sore agony?
BRAKENBURY
Didn't you wake up during all this agony?
CLARENCE
No, no, my dream was lengthened after life. O, then began the tempest to my soul. I passed, methought, the melancholy flood, With that sour ferryman which poets write of, Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. The first that there did greet my stranger-soul Was my great father-in-law, renownèd Warwick, Who cried aloud, “What scourge for perjury Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence?” And so he vanished. Then came wand'ring by A shadow like an angel, with bright hair Dabbled in blood, and he shrieked out aloud "Clarence is come—false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, That stabbed me in the field by Tewkesbury. Seize on him, furies. Take him unto torment." With that, methoughts, a legion of foul fiends Environed me and howled in mine ears Such hideous cries that with the very noise I trembling waked, and for a season after Could not believe but that I was in hell, Such terrible impression made my dream.
CLARENCE
No, no, my dream continued after I died. Oh, then the real storm of my soul began! I passed over the river of death with the help of Charon, the ferryman of the underworld, and I entered the kingdom of perpetual night. The first soul to greet me there was my great father-in-law, the Earl of Warwick, who cried aloud, "What terrible punishment for oath-breaking can this dark kingdom inflict on that false Clarence?" And then he vanished. Next a shadow like an angel came wandering by, with its bright hair spattered with blood, and it shrieked aloud, "Clarence is here—false, fickle, lying Clarence, who stabbed me in the field at Tewkesbury. Seize him, avenging devils. Take him and torture him." With that it seemed like a legion of foul demons surrounded me and howled in my ears, and their cries were so loud and horrible that I woke up trembling. And for a long time afterward I still believed that I was in hell—that was how terrible an impression this dream made on me.
BRAKENBURY
No marvel, lord, though it affrighted you. I am afraid, methinks, to hear you tell it.
BRAKENBURY
It's no surprise that it frightened you, my lord. I'm afraid just hearing you tell it.
CLARENCE
Ah keeper, keeper, I have done those things, That now give evidence against my soul, For Edward’s sake, and see how he requites me.— O God, if my deep prayers cannot appease thee, But thou wilt be avenged on my misdeeds, Yet execute thy wrath in me alone! O, spare my guiltless wife and my poor children!— Keeper, I prithee sit by me awhile. My soul is heavy, and I fain would sleep.
CLARENCE
[To BRAKENBURY] Ah, jailer, jailer, I did all those things that the ghosts accused me of—and my crimes are now giving evidence against my soul. I did them all for King Edward's sake, and now see how he thanks me.
[To himself] Oh God, if you aren't satisfied with my repentant prayers—and you must avenge my crimes—then punish me alone! Oh, spare my innocent wife and my poor children!
[To BRAKENBURY] Jailer, please sit with me a while. My soul is sad, and I want to sleep.
BRAKENBURY
I will, my lord. God give your Grace good rest.
BRAKENBURY
I will, my lord. May God give you good rest.
CLARENCE sleeps
BRAKENBURY
Sorrow breaks seasons and reposing hours, Makes the night morning, and the noontide night. Princes have but their titles for their glories, An outward honor for an inward toil, And, for unfelt imaginations, They often feel a world of restless cares, So that betwixt their titles and low name There's nothing differs but the outward fame.
BRAKENBURY
Sorrow breaks natural rhythms and interrupts sleep, making night into morning and noon into night. The only glory princes really have are their titles, which are outward honors for their inner troubles. They experience a world of worry about imaginary things, so that the only real difference between princes and peasants is the princes' outward fame.
Enter the two MURDERERS
FIRST MURDERER
Ho, who’s here?
FIRST MURDERER
Hey, who's there?
BRAKENBURY
What wouldst thou, fellow? And how cam’st thou hither?
BRAKENBURY
What do you want, man? And how did you get here?
SECOND MURDERER
I would speak with Clarence, and I came hither on my legs.
SECOND MURDERER
I want to speak with Clarence, and I came here on my legs.
BRAKENBURY
What, so brief?
BRAKENBURY
What, do you dare to be so blunt with me?
FIRST MURDERER
'Tis better, sir, to be brief than tedious.—Let him seeour commission, and talk no more.
FIRST MURDERER
It's better to be blunt than to be long-winded, sir.
[To the SECOND MURDERER] Let him see our warrant, and don't say anything.
BRAKENBURY reads the paper
BRAKENBURY
I am in this commanded to deliver The noble duke of Clarence to your hands. I will not reason what is meant hereby Because I will be guiltless from the meaning. There lies the duke asleep, and there the keys. [He hands them the keys] I’ll to the king and signify to him That thus I have resigned my charge to you.
BRAKENBURY
This warrant commands me to deliver the noble Duke of Clarence into your hands. I won't ask what this means, for I'd rather not know about something that might make me guilty later. There's the duke, sleeping, and here are the keys.
[He hands them the keys] I'll go to the king and tell him that I've handed over my prisoner to you.
FIRST MURDERER
You may, sir. 'Tis a point of wisdom. Fare you well.
FIRST MURDERER
You may do that, sir. It's a wise idea. Farewell.
Exit BRAKENBURY
SECOND MURDERER
What, shall I stab him as he sleeps?
SECOND MURDERER
Well, should I stab him as he sleeps?
FIRST MURDERER
No. He’ll say ’twas done cowardly, when he wakes.
FIRST MURDERER
No. When he wakes up he'll say that we killed him like cowards.
SECOND MURDERER
Why, he shall never wake until the great Judgment Day.
SECOND MURDERER
Why, he won't be waking up until Judgment Day.
FIRST MURDERER
Why, then he’ll say we stabbed him sleeping.
FIRST MURDERER
Well, then on Judgment Day he'll say that we stabbed him in his sleep.
SECOND MURDERER
The urging of that word “judgment” hath bred a kind of remorse in me.
SECOND MURDERER
That word "judgment" has made me feel a little bit guilty.
FIRST MURDERER
What, art thou afraid?
FIRST MURDERER
What, are you afraid?
SECOND MURDERER
Not to kill him, having a warrant, but to be damned for killing him, from the which no warrant can defend me.
SECOND MURDERER
Not afraid to kill him, since we have a warrant for it. But I'm afraid to be damned for killing him. No warrant can protect me from that.
FIRST MURDERER
I thought thou hadst been resolute.
FIRST MURDERER
I thought you were sure about this.
SECOND MURDERER
So I am—to let him live.
SECOND MURDERER
I am sure—that we should let him live.
FIRST MURDERER
I’ll back to the duke of Gloucester and tell him so.
FIRST MURDERER
I'll go back to the Duke of Gloucester and tell him so.
SECOND MURDERER
Nay, I prithee stay a little. I hope this passionate humor of mine will change. It was wont to hold me but while one tells twenty.
SECOND MURDERER
No, please, stay a minute. I'm hoping that my compassionate mood will pass. It usually only lasts about twenty seconds.
FIRST MURDERER
How dost thou feel thyself now?
FIRST MURDERER
How are you feeling now?
SECOND MURDERER
Faith, some certain dregs of conscience are yet within me.
SECOND MURDERER
Honestly, my conscience is still troubling me a bit.
FIRST MURDERER
Remember our reward when the deed’s done.
FIRST MURDERER
Remember the reward we'll get when the deed is done.
SECOND MURDERER
Zounds, he dies! I had forgot the reward.
SECOND MURDERER
By God, he must die! I had forgotten about the reward.
FIRST MURDERER
Where’s thy conscience now?
FIRST MURDERER
Where's your conscience now?
SECOND MURDERER
O, in the duke of Gloucester’s purse.
SECOND MURDERER
Oh, in the Duke of Gloucester's purse.
FIRST MURDERER
So when he opens his purse to give us our reward, thy conscience flies out.
FIRST MURDERER
So when he opens his purse to give us our reward, your conscience will fly out.
SECOND MURDERER
'Tis no matter. Let it go. There’s few or none will entertain it.
SECOND MURDERER
That won't matter. Let it fly off. No one will take it in.
FIRST MURDERER
What if it come to thee again?
FIRST MURDERER
What if it comes back to you?
SECOND MURDERER
I’ll not meddle with it. It makes a man a coward: a mancannot steal but it accuseth him; a man cannot swear but it checks him; a man cannot lie with his neighbor’s wife but it detects him. 'Tis a blushing, shamefaced spirit that mutinies in a man’s bosom. It fills a man full of obstacles. It made me once restore a purse of gold that by chance I found. It beggars any man that keeps it. It is turned out of towns and cities for a dangerous thing, and every man that means to live well endeavors to trust to himself and live without it.
SECOND MURDERER
I won't bother with it. A conscience makes a man a coward. A man can't steal without it accusing him; he can't swear without it restraining him; he can't sleep with his neighbor's wife without it exposing him. It's a blushing, shamefaced spirit that betrays a man's heart. It fills him with obstacles. It once made me return a purse full of gold that I found. A conscience can turn any man into a beggar. It's been thrown out of towns and cities like a dangerous enemy. Any man who wants to live well should trust only himself, and live without his conscience.
FIRST MURDERER
Zounds, ’tis even now at my elbow, persuading me not tokill the duke.
FIRST MURDERER
My God, now it's even at my elbow, persuading me not to kill the duke.
SECOND MURDERER
Take the devil in thy mind, and believe him not. He would insinuate with thee but to make thee sigh.
SECOND MURDERER
Ignore your conscience, and think about the devil instead. He might flatter you, but he won't make you sad.
FIRST MURDERER
I am strong-framed. He cannot prevail with me.
FIRST MURDERER
I'm strong-willed. My conscience won't overcome me.
SECOND MURDERER
Spoke like a tall man that respects thy reputation. Come, shall we fall to work?
SECOND MURDERER
Spoken like a brave man who values his reputation. Come, shall we get to work?
FIRST MURDERER
Take him on the costard with the hilts of thy sword, and then throw him into the malmsey butt in the next room.
FIRST MURDERER
Hit him on the head with the hilt of your sword, and then throw him in the wine barrel in the next room.
SECOND MURDERER
O excellent device— and make a sop of him.
SECOND MURDERER
Oh, what an excellent plan—we'll make him a sponge for the wine.
FIRST MURDERER
Soft, he wakes.
FIRST MURDERER
Quiet, he's waking up.
SECOND MURDERER
Strike!
SECOND MURDERER
Strike!
FIRST MURDERER
No, we’ll reason with him.
FIRST MURDERER
No, we'll talk to him first.
CLARENCE wakes
CLARENCE
Where art thou, keeper? Give me a cup of wine.
CLARENCE
Where are you, jailer? Give me a cup of wine.
SECOND MURDERER
You shall have wine enough, my lord, anon.
SECOND MURDERER
You'll have plenty of wine soon enough, my lord.
CLARENCE
In God’s name, what art thou?
CLARENCE
In God's name, who are you?
FIRST MURDERER
A man, as you are.
FIRST MURDERER
A man, like you are.
CLARENCE
But not, as I am, royal.
CLARENCE
But not a royal man, as I am.
FIRST MURDERER
Nor you, as we are, loyal.
FIRST MURDERER
And you're not a loyal man, as we are.
CLARENCE
Thy voice is thunder, but thy looks are humble.
CLARENCE
You speak with authority, but you look like a common man.
FIRST MURDERER
My voice is now the king’s, my looks mine own.
FIRST MURDERER
I'm speaking for the king—my looks are my own.
CLARENCE
How darkly and how deadly dost thou speak! Your eyes do menace me. Why look you pale?Who sent you hither? Wherefore do you come?
CLARENCE
Your words are so dark and threatening! Your eyes menace me. Why do you look so pale? Who sent you here? Why have you come?
SECOND MURDERER
To, to, to—
SECOND MURDERER
To, to, to—
CLARENCE
To murder me?
CLARENCE
To murder me?
BOTH MURDERERS
Ay, ay.
BOTH MURDERERS
Yes, yes.
CLARENCE
You scarcely have the hearts to tell me so,And therefore cannot have the hearts to do it. Wherein, my friends, have I offended you?
CLARENCE
You hardly have the heart to tell me, so you must not have the heart to do it. Besides, my friends, have I offended you?
FIRST MURDERER
Offended us you have not, but the king.
FIRST MURDERER
You haven't offended us—you offended the king.
CLARENCE
I shall be reconciled to him again.
CLARENCE
He and I will be reconciled again.
SECOND MURDERER
Never, my lord. Therefore prepare to die.
SECOND MURDERER
Never, my lord. So prepare to die.
CLARENCE
Are you drawn forth among a world of men To slay the innocent? What is my offense? Where is the evidence that doth accuse me? What lawful quest have given their verdict up Unto the frowning judge? Or who pronounced The bitter sentence of poor Clarence' death Before I be convict by course of law? To threaten me with death is most unlawful. I charge you, as you hope to have redemption, By Christ’s dear blood shed for our grievous sins, That you depart, and lay no hands on me. The deed you undertake is damnable.
CLARENCE
Have you been chosen specially, just to kill the innocent? What is my offense? Where is the evidence against me? What jury has sentenced me in front of a frowning judge? Or who has pronounced this death sentence on me before I could be convicted by a court of law? To threaten me with death is wrong. If you hope to be saved by Christ's dear blood—which was shed for our sins—then I tell you to leave now without touching me. The deed you plan to do is punishable with damnation.
FIRST MURDERER
What we will do, we do upon command.
FIRST MURDERER
What we do, we do because we were commanded to.
SECOND MURDERER
And he that hath commanded is our king.
SECOND MURDERER
And the one who has commanded us is our king.
CLARENCE
Erroneous vassals, the great King of kings Hath in the tables of His law commanded That thou shalt do no murder. Will thou then Spurn at His edict and fulfill a man’s? Take heed, for He holds vengeance in His hand To hurl upon their heads that break His law.
CLARENCE
You misguided subjects, the great King of Kings—God—has said in his Ten Commandments that "you shall not murder." Will you then disobey God's commandment just to obey a man's? Beware, for God holds vengeance in his hand, waiting to smite those who break his laws.
SECOND MURDERER
And that same vengeance doth He hurl on thee For false forswearing and for murder too. Thou didst receive the sacrament to fight In quarrel of the house of Lancaster.
SECOND MURDERER
And he will smite you with that same vengeance for breaking your oaths, and for murder too. You swore a holy oath to fight for the house of Lancaster.
FIRST MURDERER
And, like a traitor to the name of God,Didst break that vow, and with thy treacherous blade Unrippedst the bowels of thy sovereign’s son.
FIRST MURDERER
And—like a traitor to the name of God—you broke that vow, and with your treacherous sword you ripped open the chest of your king, Henry's, son Edward.
SECOND MURDERER
Whom thou wert sworn to cherish and defend.
SECOND MURDERER
Whom you were sworn to cherish and defend.
FIRST MURDERER
How canst thou urge God’s dreadful law to usWhen thou hast broke it in such dear degree?
FIRST MURDERER
How can you preach about God's laws to us when you have broken them to such an extreme degree?
CLARENCE
Alas! For whose sake did I that ill deed? For Edward, for my brother, for his sake. He sends you not to murder me for this, For in that sin he is as deep as I. If God will be avengèd for this deed, O, know you yet He doth it publicly! Take not the quarrel from His powerful arm; He needs no indirect or lawless course To cut off those that have offended Him.
CLARENCE
Alas! But for whose sake did I do that terrible deed? For my brother Edward, for his sake. He can't be sending you to murder me for the prince's death—because in that, he is just as guilty as I am. If God intends to punish me for this deed, oh, you know that he will do it publicly! God has no need for indirect or illegal methods of killing those who have offended him.
FIRST MURDERER
Who made thee then a bloody ministerWhen gallant-springing, brave Plantagenet, That princely novice, was struck dead by thee?
FIRST MURDERER
Who provoked you to kill that brave and lively youth, Prince Edward?
CLARENCE
My brother’s love, the devil, and my rage.
CLARENCE
My brother's love; the devil; and my rage.
FIRST MURDERER
Thy brother’s love, our duty, and thy faultsProvoke us hither now to slaughter thee.
FIRST MURDERER
Well, your brother's love; our duty; and your own crimes now provoke us to kill you.
CLARENCE
If you do love my brother, hate not me. I am his brother, and I love him well. If you are hired for meed, go back again, And I will send you to my brother Gloucester, Who shall reward you better for my life Than Edward will for tidings of my death.
CLARENCE
If you really love my brother Richard, then don't hate me. I am his brother, and I love him very much. If you're hired to do this for money, then go back again and talk to my brother the Duke of Gloucester. He will reward you better for sparing my life than King Edward will for news of my death.
SECOND MURDERER
You are deceived. Your brother Gloucester hates you.
SECOND MURDERER
You are deceived. Your brother Richard hates you.
CLARENCE
O, no, he loves me, and he holds me dear.Go you to him from me.
CLARENCE
Oh, no, he loves me and cherishes me. Go to him from me.
FIRST MURDERER
Ay, so we will.
FIRST MURDERER
Yes, so we will.
CLARENCE
Tell him, when that our princely father York Blessed his three sons with his victorious arm, And charged us from his soul to love each other, He little thought of this divided friendship. Bid Gloucester think of this, and he will weep.
CLARENCE
Tell him that when our princely father, the Duke of York, blessed his three sons and commanded us to love each other, he never imagined that our friendship would end up divided like this. Remind Richard of this, and he will weep.
FIRST MURDERER
Ay, millstones, as he lessoned us to weep.
FIRST MURDERER
Yes, he'll weep stones, as he taught us to do.
CLARENCE
O, do not slander him, for he is kind.
CLARENCE
Oh, do not slander him, for he is a kind man.
FIRST MURDERER
As snow in harvest. Come, you deceive yourself.'Tis he that sends us to destroy you here.
FIRST MURDERER
As kind as snow during harvest time. Come, you're deceiving yourself. It's Richard who sent us here to kill you.
CLARENCE
It cannot be, for he bewept my fortune,And hugged me in his arms, and swore with sobsThat he would labor my delivery.
CLARENCE
It cannot be. He wept over my imprisonment. And he hugged me in his arms, and swore while sobbing that he would work to have me released.
SECOND MURDERER
Why, so he doth, when he delivers youFrom this earth’s thralldom to the joys of heaven.
SECOND MURDERER
Why, that's what he did—and now you'll be released from the prison of earth, to be free among the joys of heaven.
FIRST MURDERER
Make peace with God, for you must die, my lord.
FIRST MURDERER
Make your peace with God, for you must die, my lord.
CLARENCE
Have you that holy feeling in your souls To counsel me to make my peace with God, And art you yet to your own souls so blind That thou will war with God by murd'ring me? O sirs, consider: they that set you on To do this deed will hate you for the deed.
CLARENCE
You have enough holy feeling in your souls to advise me to make my peace with God. But you're still willing to disobey God by murdering me? Oh, sirs, consider this: those who sent you to do this deed will hate you for doing it.
SECOND MURDERER
[to FIRST MURDERER] What shall we do?
SECOND MURDERER
[To the FIRST MURDERER] What should we do?
CLARENCE
Relent, and save your souls. Which of you—if you were a prince's son Being pent from liberty, as I am now— If two such murderers as yourselves came to you, Would you not entreat for life? Ay, you would beg, Were you in my distress.
CLARENCE
Give up this attempt, and save your souls. Which of you, if you were in my position—a prince's son in prison, and two murderers like yourselves came to you—wouldn't beg for your life? Yes, you would beg, if you were in my situation.
FIRST MURDERER
Relent? No. 'Tis cowardly and womanish.
FIRST MURDERER
Give up? No. That's cowardly and womanish.
CLARENCE
Not to relent is beastly, savage, devilish. [to SECOND MURDERER] My friend, I spy some pity in thy looks. O, if thine eye be not a flatterer, Come thou on my side and entreat for me. A begging prince what beggar pities not?
CLARENCE
But to not give up, and murder me, is beastly, savage, and devilish.
[To the SECOND MURDERER] My friend, I can see some pity in your face. Oh, if I'm right, then take my side and argue for my life. What beggar wouldn't pity a begging prince?
SECOND MURDERER
Look behind you, my lord.
SECOND MURDERER
Look behind you, my lord.
FIRST MURDERER
Take that, and that. [stabs CLARENCE] If all this will not do,I’ll drown you in the malmsey butt within.
FIRST MURDERER
Take that, and that. [He stabs CLARENCE] If all this won't do the job, then I'll drown you in that wine barrel.
Exit with the body
SECOND MURDERER
A bloody deed, and desperately dispatched. How fain, like Pilate, would I wash my handsOf this most grievous murder.
SECOND MURDERER
A bloody deed, and desperately done. I wish I could wash my hands of this sad murder, as Pontius Pilate did.
Enter FIRST MURDERER
FIRST MURDERER
How now? What mean’st thou, that thou help’st me not?By heavens, the duke shall know how slack you have been.
FIRST MURDERER
What's going on? What's wrong with you, that you didn't help me? By God, the duke will hear about how you've neglected your duty.
SECOND MURDERER
I would he knew that I had saved his brother. Take thou the fee, and tell him what I say,For I repent me that the duke is slain.
SECOND MURDERER
I wish he could hear that I had saved his brother. You take the reward, and tell him what I've said. I'm sorry that the Duke of Clarence has been killed.
Exit
FIRST MURDERER
So do not I. Go, coward as thou art. Well, I’ll go hide the body in some hole Till that the duke give order for his burial. And when I have my meed, I will away, For this will out, and then I must not stay.
FIRST MURDERER
I'm not sorry. Go, coward that you are. Well, I'll go hide the body in some hole until the Duke of Gloucester gives orders for its burial. And when I have my reward, I'll flee. For this murder will be found out, and I must not be around then.
Exit
