A war fought between France and the National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, which ended in Algeria’s liberation from French rule. Fanon joined the National Liberation Front after moving to Algeria in 1954, and…
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Bourgeoisie
The ruling class of a capitalist society. They own most of society’s wealth, and in the case of the colonized in The Wretched of the Earth, the bourgeoisie drives the national politics.
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The Cold War
A prolonged period of political tension from 1946 to 1991 between the Soviet Union and its allies (the Eastern Bloc) and the United States and its allies (the Western Bloc) concerning the growing conflict between…
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Colonialism
The practice of taking full or partial control of a country for the purposes of establishing a colony of settlers and economically exploiting the indigenous people, land, and resources. Colonialism as a practice began during…
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Decolonization
The act of undoing colonialism, and for some of the countries mentioned in The Wretched of the Earth, the act of becoming an independent nation. Fanon is particularly concerned with decolonization, which he…
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A major religion founded in Persia during the 3rd century, which is primarily concerned with the struggle between light (good) and dark (evil) forces. Fanon uses Manichaeanism as an analogy for colonialism. The colonial…
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National Consciousness
The shared identity of a nation. According to Fanon, national consciousness is developed during the struggle for independence and the building of a nation, and it is “the highest form of culture.”
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Negritude
An attempt to raise black identity and culture throughout the African diaspora. Negritude and other frameworks and movements to elevate and legitimize black culture rely on a unifying African culture, which Fanon argues is impossible…
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Neocolonialism
The act of using capitalism or imperialism to control another country much like colonialism, despite the official absence of the colonial power. The are several forms of neocolonialism discussed in The Wretched of the…
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The Third World
The developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, which did not align with either side during the First and Second World Wars. During the Cold War, both the Eastern and Western Blocs pressured…
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