Definition of Mood
The Epic of Gilgamesh has a wide-ranging mood that shifts with the subject matter. The poem's darkest moments—such as Enkidu's and Gilgamesh's death, the portrayal of wrathful gods, and the serpent eating the flower of lost youth—have a tragic, futile mood. These moments highlight death and mortality in particular, which come for all living beings, be they great adventurers or ordinary citizens.
At the same time, The Epic of Gilgamesh is a heroic tale describing Gilgamesh's great victories over powerful enemies and unlikely odds. During the many moments in the story emphasizing Gilgamesh's strength, bravery, and fortitude, the mood is uplifting and awe-inspiring. This rollercoaster of emotions is typical of epic poems, which are nevertheless told matter-of-factly (which helps lend an element of realism to an otherwise fictional story).
The mood of The Epic of Gilgamesh is greatly affected by the role divine beings play in the story. The gods and goddesses of Uruk and the surrounding areas act like humans, which is to say they are emotional, petty, and full of moral failings. Simultaneously, despite being one-third mortal, Gilgamesh is akin to a god, full of unparalleled power, strength, and wit. Gilgamesh's status as two-thirds divine, one-third mortal fosters a counterintuitively uplifting mood against the backdrop of divine power. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale of human resilience, spirit, and strength, portraying a man who goes toe-to-toe with divine beings and comes out on top.