Medicine Walk

by

Richard Wagamese

Fathers and Sons Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Fathers and Sons Theme Icon
Nature and the Land Theme Icon
Identity and Heritage Theme Icon
Memory and Story Theme Icon
Love, Loss, and Grief Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Medicine Walk, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Fathers and Sons Theme Icon

Medicine Walk is the story of 16-year-old Franklin Starlight’s journey to get to know his dying father. All his life, Frank (usually called “the kid” in the novel) has been raised by “the old man,” Bunky, who teaches him farming, love of the land, and how to be a good person. The kid only visits his biological father, Eldon Starlight, a handful of times, typically finding him drunk and unable to meet his commitments. Because of this complicated upbringing, the kid comes to associate the idea of fatherhood with disappointment and neglect. During his father’s final days, Frank recalls his memories of Eldon’s failures and hears Eldon’s account of his past before Eldon dies, including the circumstances of Eldon’s surrender of Frank to Bunky. Through Frank’s contrasting experiences with Eldon and Bunky, the novel suggests that though biological fatherhood is important and necessary to come to terms with, fatherhood is ultimately about care—meaning that Bunky is Frank’s father in a way Eldon never was.

Because Eldon isn’t consistently present and sets a poor example, Frank is confused about what fatherhood really is. As a child, Frank rarely sees Eldon, and when he does, Eldon is usually drunk. When Frank is nine, he tells a drunken Eldon that he doesn’t know what a father is except for what Eldon shows him—that is, drinking and breaking things. “You're supposed to try to get to know me like a father knows a son,” Frank says. When Eldon protests that he’s Frank’s dad no matter what, Frank protests, “Wouldn't know what it's supposed to mean 'cept what you show." In other words, Frank argues that biology alone can’t sustain a father-son bond. There must be something more.

When Frank compares Eldon to his peers’ fathers, Eldon comes up short, and as a result, Frank’s confused about what fatherhood is: “The definition of [‘father’] was left to his observation. The men he saw around the school [bore] a strength and resiliency he could see in the way they walked and held themselves. He never saw them drunk.” When Frank tries to understand the meaning of fatherhood based on his observations, all he can see is that he lacks something which other kids take for granted. Therefore Frank doesn’t know what to make of fatherhood.

Though Frank doesn’t think of Bunky as quite the same as a father, Bunky essentially is Frank’s father throughout his childhood. At age seven, Frank learns that Eldon is his biological dad, Bunky assures him that he still holds important fatherly roles in Frank’s life. The old man tells him, “I’m raisin’ you. Teachin’ you. There’s a diff’rence […] But I love you. That’s a straight fact.” Bunky can’t take Eldon’s place completely, but he also provides critical things that Eldon isn’t giving consistently, like guidance and care.

Bunky also gives Frank one of the most important things in his life—love of the land. Frank reflects that “It was the old man who […] had given him the land from the time he could remember […] and the kid had sensed the import of those teachings and learned to listen and mimic well.” Bunky teaches Frank to love, respect, and survive in the wilderness, and Frank “mimics” Bunky as he absorbs these teachings, like a boy copying his dad.

Though Bunky knows he can’t teach Frank much about his biological heritage, he takes the responsibility to teach Frank how to be a moral person. “I can’t teach you nothing about bein’ who you are, Frank. All’s I can do is show you to be a good person. A good man,” he says. Bunky is aware that there’s a gap in Frank’s life he can’t fill, yet he acts as a father to Frank in every way he can—loving him, teaching him, and ultimately helping him become the best man he can be.

After his journey through the backcountry with Eldon, Frank realizes that fatherhood is about care, and that by this measure, Bunky has been his real father all along. When Frank gets home from burying Eldon, he immediately sees himself in Bunky in a way that he didn’t see himself in Eldon: “He had the old man to thank for the feeling of bending his back to a chore or a task and the sense of rightness that came from it. Watching him now, the kid saw how much of the steadfast old man was a part of him and he […] retrieved his tool belt and put it on.” Frank recognizes the old man’s influence in him and naturally resumes the rhythm of life they’ve always shared, demonstrating what’s most important to him.

Later, after telling Bunky Eldon’s whole story, Frank tells Bunky he doesn’t blame him for withholding the truth about his past. In fact, he says, “You were my father all these years.” Even though Bunky isn’t biologically connected to Frank and can never fill that absence in Frank’s past, he’s shaped Frank in the most significant, enduring ways. By caring for him and teaching him, Bunky has been Frank’s real father his whole life.

Frank’s recognition of Bunky’s fatherhood isn’t a rejection of Eldon, though. As Frank traveled with Eldon, hearing Eldon’s story and revisiting his own memories of Eldon’s failed fatherhood, he accepts Eldon’s failures, putting his lifelong hopes to rest even as he lovingly buries Eldon. Eldon will always be part of him, even though his care of Frank mostly fell short, and his most fatherly act was to give him up to Bunky’s care.

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Fathers and Sons Quotes in Medicine Walk

Below you will find the important quotes in Medicine Walk related to the theme of Fathers and Sons.
Chapter 1 Quotes

The old man had taught him the value of work early and he was content to labour, finding his satisfaction in farm work and his joy in horses and the untrammelled open of the high country. He'd left school as soon as he was legal. He had no mind for books and out here where he spent the bulk of his free time there was no need for elevated ideas or theories or talk and if he was taciturn he was content in it, hearing symphonies in wind across a ridge and arias in the screech of hawks and eagles, the huff of grizzlies and the pierce of a wolf call against the unblinking eye of the moon. He was Indian.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 4
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

"I want you to take me out into that territory you come through. The one you hunted all your life. There's a ridge back forty mile. Sits above a narrow valley with a high range behind it, facing east […] Because I need you to bury me there."

The kid sat with the coffee cup half raised to his mouth and he felt the urge to laugh and stand up and walk out and head back to the old farm. But his father looked at him earnestly and he could see pain in his eyes and something leaner, sorrow maybe, regret, or some ragged woe tattered by years.

Related Characters: Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), The kid (Franklin Starlight)
Page Number: 21
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

Truth was, he wanted nothing else because that life was all he'd known and there was a comfort in the idea of farming. He knew the rhythms of it, could feel the arrival of the next thing long before it arrived, and he knew the feel of time around those eighty acres like he knew hunger, thirst, and the feel of coming weather on his skin. Memory for the kid kicked in with the smell of the barn and the old man teaching him to milk and plow and seed and pluck a chicken. His father had drifted in and out of that life randomly[.]

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), Eldon Starlight (father), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 26
Explanation and Analysis:

It was the old man who had taught him to set snares, lay a nightline for fish, and read game sign. The old man had given him the land from the time he could remember and showed him how to approach it, honour it, he said, and the kid had sensed the import of those teachings and learned to listen and mimic well. When he was nine he'd gone out alone for the first time. Four days. He'd come back with smoked fish and a small deer and the old man had clapped him on the back and showed him how to dress venison and tan the hide. When he thought of the word father he could only ever imagine the old man.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), Eldon Starlight (father), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 27
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

“Least ways, you got this place and we get out to where it's real as much as can, don't we?"

"Yeah," the kid said. "That's what saves my bacon."

[…]

They'd take horses and cross the field and plod up the ridge and by the time they were down the other side the land became what the old man called "real." To the kid, real meant quiet, open, and free before he learned to call it predictable and knowable. To him, it meant losing schools and rules and distractions and being able to focus and learn and see. To say he loved it was a word beyond him then but he came to know the feeling.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), The old man (Bunky) (speaker)
Page Number: 32
Explanation and Analysis:

When the slash was made the old man drew a smear of blood with two fingers and turned the kid's face to him with the other hand. He made a pair of lines with the blood on each of his cheeks and another on his chin and a wavy line across his forehead. His face was calm and serious. "Them's your marks," he said.

The kid nodded solemnly. "Because I'm Indian," he said.

"Cuz I'm not," the old man said. "I can't teach you nothing about bein' who you are, Frank. All's I can do is show you to be a good person. A good man. You learn to be a good man, you'll be a good Injun too. Least ways, that's how I figure it works.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), The old man (Bunky) (speaker)
Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

“All's I'm tryin' to say is that we never had the time for learnin' about how to get by out here. None of us did. White man things was what we needed to learn if we was gonna eat regular. Indian stuff just kinda got left behind on accounta we were busy gettin' by in that world."

"So I don't get what we're doin' out here then."

[…]

"I owe," he said,

"Yeah, I heard that before."

"I'm tired, Frank."

[…]

"That's the first time you ever called me by my name."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker)
Page Number: 49
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

Then he strode off and returned in a short time with mushrooms and greens and berries that he crushed up and fashioned into a paste. He gathered a clump of it on a stick of alder and held it out to his father.

[…]

"Sometimes I'll put some pine resin in with it if I got a pot and a fire. Makes a good soup. Lots of good stuff in there."

"Old man?"

"Yeah. At first he brung me out all the time when I was small. Showed me plants and how to gather them. Everything a guy would need is here if you want it and know how to look for it, he said. You gotta spend time gatherin' what you need. What you need to keep you strong. He called it a medicine walk."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker)
Page Number: 64
Explanation and Analysis:

“Near as I can figure they're stories. I reckon some are about travelling. That's how they feel to me. Others are about what someone seen in their life. The old man doesn't think anyone ever figured them out."

"Ain't a powerful lotta good if ya can't figure 'em out."

The kid shrugged. "I sorta think you gotta let a mystery be a mystery for it to give you anything. You ever learn any Indian stuff?"

His father lowered his gaze. […] "Nah," he said finally. "Most of the time I was just tryin' to survive. Belly fulla beans beats a head fulla thinkin'. Stories never seemed likely to keep a guy goin'. Savvy?"

"I guess," the kid said. "Me, I always wanted to know more about where I come from."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker)
Page Number: 69
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

"'What he done was brave. You know that, huh?"

"Done what?"

"Tellin' you. That took some grit."

"I don't think it'd take much grit to tell what ya already know."

"Maybe. But it sat in his gut a long time. Most'll just give stuff like that over to time. Figure enough of it passes things'll change. Try to forget it. Like forgettin's a cure unto itself. It ain't. You never forget stuff that cuts that deep."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Becka Charlie (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father)
Page Number: 102
Explanation and Analysis:

His father moaned and the kid regarded him. "He don't seem much of a warrior to me." He sipped at the tea.

"Who's to say how much of anythin' we are?" Becka said. "Seems to me the truth of us is where it can't be seen. Comes to dyin', I guess we all got a right to what we believe."

"I can't know what he believes. He talks a lot, but I still got no sense of him. So far it's all been stories."

She only nodded. "It's all we are in the end. Our stories." She stood and put a hand on his shoulder and gave it a pat.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Becka Charlie (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father)
Page Number: 103
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 13 Quotes

He thought about what Becka had said and worked at finding some pattern to the shards and pieces of history he'd been allowed to carry now. They jangled and knocked around inside him. It felt like jamming the wrong piece into a picture puzzle. Like frustration alone could make it fit the pattern. He cast a look back over his shoulder at his father, who seemed to be asleep, but he'd mumble when the horse's step over a rock or a root made him lurch in the saddle. When the kid looked back at the thin trail they followed he felt worn and makeshift as the trail itself.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), Eldon Starlight (father), Becka Charlie
Page Number: 106
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

"You're supposed to try to get to know me like a father knows a son," he said quietly.

"Jesus. I know that. Think I didn't want that? Think I'da asked you here if I didn't wanna get to that?"

"You lied. All you wanna do is drink and dance and break stuff."

"Wanted to see ya, was the point of it all."

"Well, you seen me."

"I'm your dad."

The kid shook his head. "Ain't got one. Never had one. Wouldn't know what it's supposed to mean 'cept what you show."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker)
Page Number: 119
Explanation and Analysis:

His father slammed the door closed. The smell of whisky was high in the air. The kid rolled down his window and backed the truck into the grass and then pulled out into the rut of the road. He took it slow, but the truck still bucked along. […] When they got to the gravel road the kid turned back the way they came and his father settled into his seat. "Happy birthday," he slurred.

The kid let out a breath long and slow and focused on the road. His father passed out halfway back to town.

Related Characters: Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), The kid (Franklin Starlight)
Page Number: 134
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15 Quotes

"Come here when it got too noisy in my head," he said. "'When the old man got too old for the ride he let me make the trip alone and I got to prefer that. Never was afraid. Never seemed to be a place for fear. When ya come to know a thing ya come to know its feel. I know this place by feel nowadays."

"You're a good man," his father croaked suddenly. "The old man done good turnin' ya loose out here. He know how good ya are out here?"

"He knows."

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:

"Jimmy used to say we're a Great Mystery. Everything. Said the things they done, those old-time Indians, was all about learnin' to live with that mystery. Not solving it, not comin' to grips with it, not even tryin' to guess it out. Just bein' with it. I guess I wish I'da learned the secret to doing that. […] I never belonged nowhere, Frank. Never belonged nowhere or to nobody," he said.

Related Characters: Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), The kid (Franklin Starlight), Jimmy Weaseltail
Page Number: 149
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18 Quotes

Time was a thing he carried. It took him a long time after Korea to realize that. […] It rankled him, the unease, the slow creep of terror, like being hunted, tracked by some prowling beast invisible to the eye, recognized only by the sense of looming danger at his back. Then, always, time's dank shadow would fall over him again and sweep him into its chill. […] He spiralled downward and the measure of his days was the depth of the shadow itself. He wandered. He sought a place that carried no reminders, believing that a place existed that was barren of memory and recollection. But he bore time like sodden baggage.

Related Characters: Eldon Starlight (father)
Page Number: 173
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22 Quotes

“You were scared ya couldn’t be what ya had to be,” the kid said.

“More’n that,” his father said. “Scared I couldn’t be what I never was. I never told her about Jimmy, about my mother, even though she told me I could tell her anythin’. I was ashameda myself, Frank. Bone deep shamed. I was scared if I started in on tellin’ about myself I’d break down an’ I wanted to be strong for her. I really did. But layin’ there knowin’ how weak I really was brung on the dark in me. The dark that always sucked me back into drinkin’. I woke up to the belief that I’d always lose or destroy them things or people that meant the most to me cuz I always done that.”

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight) (speaker), Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), Angie Pratt
Page Number: 219
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 23 Quotes

“I knew what he meant, Frank. I got made better too. But not better enough on accounta when she needed me most I wasn’t there an’ she died cuz of that. I looked at the two of you on that rocker an’ all’s I could do was walk away. All’s I could do was walk away because I guess I come to know right there that some holes get filled when people die. Dirt fills ’em. But other holes, well, ya walk around with them holes in ya forever and there weren’t nothin’ in the world to say about that. Nothin’.”

Related Characters: Eldon Starlight (father) (speaker), The kid (Franklin Starlight), The old man (Bunky), Angie Pratt
Page Number: 230
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 24 Quotes

When the kid dropped off to sleep himself he didn’t know. He dreamed there was a man and a woman seated on a blanket. They were talking and their heads were bent close together, but he couldn’t see their faces or hear what they were saying. Then he was on the porch of a house he didn’t recognize. The sun was going down. The sky was alive with colour and he could see it bending and receding above the fields. A woman was there. She stood in the middle of the field, looking at him. She waved with both arms and he waved back at her but it was his father she was waving at.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), Eldon Starlight (father), Angie Pratt
Page Number: 234
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 26 Quotes

Watching him now, the kid saw how much of the steadfast old man was a part of him and he slipped into the tack room and retrieved his tool belt and put it on. When the old man’s back was turned he walked over and hefted the next board in his hands and stood there, holding it at the ready. When the old man turned there was only a momentary hesitation, a surprised flick of the eyes and the hint of a grin at the corners of his mouth. Then he took one end of the board and they walked it into place together and nailed it.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 240
Explanation and Analysis:

“Sometimes when things get taken away from you it feels like there’s a hole at your centre where you can feel the wind blow through, that’s sure […] Me, I always went to where the wind blows.” The old man put a hand on the kid’s shoulder and turned him to face him square on. “Don’t know as I ever got an answer but it always felt better bein’ out there.”

The kid nodded. They looked at each other. The horse neighed softly in the barn and the old man pulled the kid to him and clasped his arms around him and rocked side to side. The kid could smell the oil and grease and tobacco on him and it was every smell he recalled growing up with and he closed his eyes and pulled it all into him.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), The old man (Bunky)
Page Number: 244
Explanation and Analysis:

He closed his eyes for a moment and when he looked down into the valley again he thought he could see the ghostly shapes of people riding horses through the trees. […]

He watched them ride into the swale and ease the horses to the water while the dogs and children ran in the rough grass. The men and women on horseback dismounted and their shouts came to him laden with hope and good humour. He raised a hand to the idea of his father and mother and a line of people he had never known, then mounted the horse and rode back through the glimmer to the farm where the old man waited, a deck of cards on the scarred and battered table.

Related Characters: The kid (Franklin Starlight), Eldon Starlight (father), Angie Pratt
Page Number: 246
Explanation and Analysis: