Discourse on Colonialism

In Marxist analysis, the proletariat is the working class that must sell their labor in order to survive because, unlike their counterpart (the bourgeoisie), they do not own property. Césaire follows Marx in arguing… read analysis of Proletariat

In Marxist historical and economic analyses of capitalism, the bourgeoisie is the class that legally owns, and therefore controls, private property and the means of production (the tools, technology, and resources necessary for economic activity)… read analysis of Bourgeoisie

Petty bourgeoisie is one translation of the Marxist term “petite bourgeoisie” (literally “small bourgeoisie”), which refers to a class with some property and economic power that lies somewhere between the proletariat and bourgeoisie in a… read analysis of Petty Bourgeoisie

Humanism is a broad term that has been used to refer to a wide variety of different philosophical schools throughout history. However, all versions of humanism have generally argued for the superiority of reason to… read analysis of Humanism

The Académie Française is a Paris-based council that considers itself the highest official authority on matters of the French language and publishes an authoritative French dictionary. Membership in the Académie Française is considered a great… read analysis of Académie Française

Bantu refers to a large cultural and linguistic grouping of several hundreds of ethnic groups in Central and Southern Africa, which includes hundreds of millions of people (and about 30% of Africa’s population). The missionary… read analysis of Bantu

Ethnography is a method of long-term, intensive fieldwork that is generally conducted by anthropologists. Through the 20th century, this almost always entailed white Europeans living with non-European peoples in order to study their languages, social… read analysis of Ethnography