LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Godfather, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Crime and Justice
Power
Masculinity and Patriarchy
Family
Loyalty and Betrayal
Summary
Analysis
The narrative goes back in time. As the Mafia war rages on, Sonny Corleone massacres an army of pimps, “shylocks,” union officials, and bookmakers who work for the Five Families. The slaughter proves satisfying, but it does not turn the tide of the war because it leaves the leadership of the other Families untouched. Sonny lacks Don Corleone’s “strategical genius,” and Hagen warns him to lay low because the Five Families have made him a “marked man.” However, despite the danger of being out in the open, he continues to see Lucy Mancini.
Sonny is a skilled enforcer. He specializes in violence but falters when violence alone fails to solve a problem. Here, Puzo foreshadows Sonny’s own downfall: by pointing out that Sonny’s violent acts on behalf of the Family are not enough to stop the war, Puzo suggests that Sonny’s personal failures as acting Don are mortal failures. Echoing the biblical injunction that those who live by the sword will die by the sword, Puzo indicates that Sonny’s violent life can only end in a violent death.
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One evening, an anonymous woman telephones the residence of Carlo and Connie. Connie answers, and the girl tells her that she is unable to see Carlo that evening. Later, when Carlo comes home from the racetrack, a furious Connie berates him for his infidelity. She scrapes his face with her fingernails and demands that he stay home. She points to the dinner she made for him but he says he is not hungry.
Once again, a woman is caught between the machinations of the Mafia’s male members. Unable to act on her own behalf, Connie unwittingly plays the role of pawn in the chess game between the Corleone Family and their rivals.
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Enraged, Connie throws Carlo’s dinner plates to the floor. Carlo grabs his belt. “You filthy guinea spoiled brat,” he screams, “clean that up right now or I’ll kick the shit out of you.” He beats her with the belt, then gets drunk on whiskey and falls asleep. As Carlo sleeps, Connie calls her family in Long Beach. Mama Corleone answers but is unable to interpret Connie’s “hysterical” speech. She passes the phone to Sonny. She begs Sonny to send a car to bring her to the mall but insists that he himself should stay put.
Carlo’s latest attack on Connie symbolizes the state of the Corleone Family as a whole at this point in the story. Like Connie herself, the Family is sustaining constant beatings, and there appears to be no way to stop the violence.
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Unable to contain his rage, Sonny pays no heed to Connie’s request that he stay put. “The fucking sonofabitch” he mutters as he leaves the house, gets into his car, and heads towards Connie’s apartment. One look at Sonny’s face lets Hagen know that “all reasoning power had left him.” He orders two bodyguards to follow Sonny’s car as he drives onto the Jones Beach Causeway.
This passage chronicles the moment where Sonny finally fails in his role as acting Don. Hagen’s recognition that Sonny has lost “all reasoning power” contrasts Sonny’s weaknesses with his father’s strengths. Don Corleone is a master negotiator and is calm and meticulous, but Sonny is none of those things. Thus, in order for the Don to rise again, his son must fall.
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Sonny drives down the Jones Beach Causeway until he reaches a tollbooth. He shuffles his pockets for money to pay the toll and approaches approach the gate, where another car is ahead of him. He hands the tolltaker a dollar bill and notices the car ahead of him has stopped. In a flash, the tolltaker raises a gun and fires it at Sonny. His body “spilled out of the car” as two men in the car ahead of him also shoot him in the head, and then get out and kick his face “to disfigure his features even more.”
Once again, a car foreshadows impending death. In this case, Sonny’s car becomes his coffin, and he fittingly dies a vicious death on his way to commit murder himself. That Sonny dies in the process of exchanging money also symbolizes the harsh cost the Corleones pay for engaging in the criminal lifestyle. In their pursuit of money, they lose the things, such as family, that should matter the most.
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The assassins flee the scene shortly before Sonny’s bodyguards arrive. They call Tom Hagen to tell him that Sonny is dead. As Mama Corleone bustles around in the kitchen, “quite content not to share the pain of her men,” Hagen retreats to the conference room and begins shaking. He understands now that he is not a fit wartime Consigliere, that the other families had fooled him by waiting patiently “to land one terrible blow” against the Corleones. Still shaken, Tom calls a still-drunk Carlo and tells him that Sonny is dead and that the family is moving him to the mall and giving him a more lucrative job.
Don Corleone’s absence and Sonny’s death causes a moment of reckoning for Hagen. Up until this point, he has fancied himself a skilled negotiator who trained at the master feet of the Don himself. However, Hagen, like Sonny, lacks the Don’s understanding that negotiation only works when backed by the assured threat of tactical violence. While Hagen understands negotiation and Sonny understood violence, neither man fully recognized how to wield the two tools together as effectively as Don Corleone.
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Quotes
Hagen must now wake Don Corleone and tell him that his son is dead. As he struggles to find the words to deliver the news, Don Corleone emerges fully dressed from his room. “Outside my window I saw my caporegimes coming to the house and it is midnight,” he says. “So, Consigliere of mine, I think you should tell your Don what everyone knows.” Hagen delivers the news. For a moment, the Don seems drained of his strength, but he quickly recovers. Clemenza and Tessio arrive, and Hagen gives the men the full story of Sonny’s murder.
Don Corleone survives his assassination attempt, but after his recovery, he enters a different Mafia world than the one he knew before. Whereas the Corleone Family was the most powerful of the Five Families before the hit on the Don, his absence from the scene has put the Family at the edge of destruction. Thus, the Don must not only reckon with the death of his son, but also with the potential death of all he has built over the course of his life.
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Once Hagen has finished with the details, Don Corleone explicitly forbids any of the men to seek vengeance without his approval. “There will be no further acts of war against the Five Families without my express and personal wish,” the Don insists. He also orders all Family business to cease until after Sonny’s funeral. When he finishes speaking, Don Corleone goes to speak with his wife, and Hagen calls Amerigo Bonasera “to redeem the favor he owed to the Corleones.”
In his first act as Don following his recovery from the shooting, Vito Corleone immediately contrasts his leadership style with that of Sonny. Whereas Sonny waged violent war, the Don now calls for a negotiable peace. In this respect, Sonny has unwittingly sacrificed his life in order to save his family: his death has roused the Don back to life.