Previous
Summary
Themes
Key
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Kidnapped, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Political Conflict and National Identity
Trust and Betrayal
Justice vs. Injustice
Coming of Age
Summary
Analysis
Seventeen-year-old David Balfour leaves his childhood home in the rural village of Essendean after the death of his parents. On a bright morning in June 1751, he walks to a manse to meet Mr. Campbell, the local minister and his father’s close friend. Mr. Campbell shares that David’s father left behind a letter and instructions for David to take the letter to a man named Ebenezer Balfour at the House of Shaws near Cramond. David learns for the first time that he may have high-born relatives and a connection to this old estate. Though uncertain about what lies ahead, he expresses hope that he might find a better future.
David’s departure from Essendean marks the beginning of a classic bildungsroman (coming-of-age) arc. Stevenson positions David at a crossroads between rural innocence and the complex adult world, using the death of his parents as both literal and symbolic severance. His excitement hints at a deep desire for belonging and status, and the journey to the House of Shaws offers the hope of transformation. Essendean is a fictional village in the Scottish Lowlands.
Themes
Mr. Campbell encourages David to make the journey, assuring him that if things go poorly, he can always return. They sit together by the roadside while the minister speaks earnestly about manners, prayer, and self-conduct. Mr. Campbell also gives David a small package that contains his inheritance: a shilling, a Bible, and a curious old remedy recipe labeled “Lilly of the Valley Water,” meant for all kinds of ailments. The farewell is emotional, with the minister embracing David before quickly hurrying away to avoid showing too much sorrow.
Mr. Campbell functions as an alternate paternal figure, equipping David with the moral tools he believes will help him survive. The Bible, the coin, and the folk remedy offer a fascinating trinity of values: spiritual grounding, material support, and practical tradition. These gifts embody the layered inheritance David receives—not in land or title, but in virtue, humility, and a sense of duty.
Themes
Left alone, David reflects on his excitement and guilt. While he feels thrilled at the idea of discovering his place among rich relatives and leaving behind his quiet life, he also feels shame for not grieving his departure from Essendean more deeply. As he crosses a ford and climbs a nearby hill, he turns for one last look at the village, knowing he is about to leave his old life behind.
David’s conflicting emotions on the hillside reflect his emerging self-awareness. His guilt over leaving Essendean suggests he still defines himself through others’ expectations, especially the community that raised him, but his longing for a better life propels him forward. This tension shapes his character throughout the novel, as he learns to balance loyalty with independence.
Themes
