Jazz

by

Toni Morrison

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Themes and Colors
Romantic Love Theme Icon
Jazz, Improvisation, and Reinvention Theme Icon
Motherhood Theme Icon
Racial Violence and Protest Theme Icon
Gossip vs. Knowledge Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Jazz, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Romantic Love Theme Icon

Most of the characters in Jazz struggle with unrequited love. Violet’s husband Joe Trace betrays her by beginning an affair with a much-younger woman named Dorcas; Dorcas lusts after an arrogant, disinterested man named Acton; Dorcas’ aunt Alice Manfred still longs for her husband, who has been dead for decades. Even the animals in the novel seem heartbroken—Violet’s parrot, for example, squawks “I love you” all day long, only to hear nothing from its owners in return. Importantly, in almost every case, the characters’ romantic yearning is underscored by their desire for missing family members: Joe, Violet, and Dorcas have all lost their parents either through death or abandonment, and Alice has lost her siblings. And in each instance, the characters find the marriages and affairs they enter into to be unsatisfying attempts at recreating the unconditional love they craved as children, as their romances are passionate but devoid of comfort and intimacy.

At first, then, the novel seems to suggest that this unhappiness is an endless cycle, and that unreciprocated familial love in childhood begets dissatisfaction and heartbreak in adult romantic relationships. But as Violet and Joe sort through their past and present pain, they realize that the gap between romance and family does not need to feel so large. Instead, over the course of the novel, Violet and Joe work to recreate with each other the domestic bonds neither of them had in their youth, sharing meals and dances and (eventually) the happiest and most fraught memories of their childhood. Rather than positing family trauma as an inevitable source of romantic disappointment, therefore, Jazz depicts romance as a place where a new kind of familial love can be chosen, created, and constantly renewed.

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Romantic Love ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Romantic Love appears in each chapter of Jazz. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Romantic Love Quotes in Jazz

Below you will find the important quotes in Jazz related to the theme of Romantic Love.
Chapter 1 Quotes

Sth, I know that woman. She used to live with a flock of birds on Lenox Avenue. Know her husband, too. He fell for an eighteen-year-old girl with one of those deep down, spooky loves that made him so sad and happy he shot her just to keep the feeling going. When the woman, her name is Violet, went to the funeral to see the girl and to cut her dead face they threw her to the floor and out of the church. She ran, then, through all that snow, and when she got back to her apartment she took the birds from their cages and set them out the windows to freeze or fly, including the parrot that said, “I love you.”

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Dorcas
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

So why is it on Thursday that the men look satisfied? Perhaps it’s the artificial rhythm of the week—perhaps there is something so phony about the seven-day cycle the body pays no attention to it, preferring triplets, duets, quartets, anything but a cycle of seven that has to be broken into human parts and the break comes on Thursday. Irresistible. The outrageous expectations and inflexible demands of the weekend are null on Thursday. People look forward to weekends for connections, revisions and separations even though many of these activities are accompanied by bruises and even a spot of blood, for excitement runs high on Friday or Saturday.

But for satisfaction pure and deep, for balance and pleasure and comfort, Thursday can’t be beat.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Joe Trace, Dorcas
Page Number: 50
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

The brothers turn up the wattage of their smiles. The right record is on the turntable now; [Dorcas] can hear its preparatory hiss as the needle slides through its first groove. The brothers smiles brilliantly; one leans a fraction of an inch toward the other and, never losing eye contact with Dorcas, whispers something. […] Then, just as the music, slow and smoky, loads up the air, his smile bright as ever, he wrinkles his nose and turns away.

Dorcas has been acknowledged, appraised and dismissed in the time it takes for a needle to find its opening groove. The stomach jump of possible love is nothing compared to the ice flows that block upper veins now. The body she inhabits is unworthy. […]

So by the time Joe Trace whispered to her through the crack of a closing door her life had become almost unbearable.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Joe Trace, Dorcas
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

All she saw, down in the cellar well beneath the stoop, was a light yellow feather with a tip of green. And she had never named him. Had called him my parrot all these years. “My parrot.” “Love you.” “Love you.” Did the dogs get him? Did some night-walking man snatch him up and take him to a house that did not feature mirrors or keep a supply of ginger cookies for him? Or did he get the message—that she said, “my parrot” and he said, “love you,” and she had never said it back or even taken the trouble to name him—and manage somehow to fly away.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Dorcas
Related Symbols: Birds
Page Number: 93
Explanation and Analysis:

What did she see, young girl like that, barely out of high school, with unbraided hair, lip rouge for the first time and high-heeled shoes? And also what did he? A young me with high-yellow skin instead of black? A young me with long wave hair instead of short? Or a not me at all. A me he was loving in Virginia because that girl Dorcas wasn’t around there anywhere. Was that it? […] Is that what happened? Standing in the cane, he was trying to catch a girl he was yet to see, but his heart knew all about, and me, holding on to him but wishing he was the golden boy I never saw either. Which means from the very beginning I was a substitute and so was he.

Related Characters: Violet Trace (speaker), Joe Trace, Dorcas, True Belle, Golden Gray
Page Number: 97
Explanation and Analysis:

Who lay there asleep in that coffin? Who posed there awake in the photograph? The scheming bitch who had not considered Violet’s feelings one tiniest bit, who came into her life, took what she wanted and damn the consequences? Or Mama’s dumpling girl? Was she the woman who took the man, or the daughter who fled her womb? Washed away on a tide of soap, salt and castor oil. Terrified, perhaps, of so violent a home. Unaware that, had it failed, had she braved mammy-made poisons and mammy’s urgent fists, she could have had the best dressed hair in the city.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Dorcas
Page Number: 109
Explanation and Analysis:

“Oh shoot! Where the grown people? Is it us?”

“Oh, Mama.” Alice Manfred blurted it out and then covered her mouth.

Violet had the same thought: Mama. Mama? Is this where you got to and couldn't do it no more? The place of shade without trees where you know you are not and never again will be loved by anybody who can choose to do it? Where everything is over about the talking? They looked away from each other then. The silence went on and on until Alice Manfred said, “Give me that coat. I can’t look at that lining another minute.”

Related Characters: Violet Trace (speaker), The Narrator (speaker), Alice Manfred (speaker), Joe Trace, Rose Dear, Violet’s Father
Page Number: 110
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

Blues man. Blackandblues man. Blackthereforeblue man.

Everybody knows your name. Where-did-she-go-and-why man. So-lonesome-I-could-die-man.

Everybody knows your name.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Alice Manfred
Page Number: 119
Explanation and Analysis:

I tracked my mother in Virginia and it led me right to her, and I tracked Dorcas from borough to borough. I didn't even have to work at it. Didn't even have to think. Something else takes over when the track begins to talk to you, give out its signs so strong you hardly have to look […] If the trail speaks, no matter what’s in the way, you can find yourself in a crowded room aiming a bullet at her heart, never mind it’s the heart you can't live without […]

I wasn't looking for the trail. It was looking for me and when it started talking at first I couldn’t hear it. I was rambling, just rambling all through the city. I had the gun but it was not the gun—it was my hand I wanted to touch you with.

Related Characters: Joe Trace (speaker), The Narrator, Dorcas, The Woman/Wild, Henry Lestory/Hunter’s Hunter, Victory Williams
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

[Golden thought of] the woman who cooked and cleaned for Vera Louise; who sent baskets of plum preserves, ham and loaves of bread every week while he was in boarding school; who gave his frayed shirts to rag and bone men rather than let him wear them; the woman who smiled and shook her head every time she looked at him. […] When the two of them, the whitewoman and the cook, bathed him they sometimes passed anxious looks at the palms of his hand, the texture of his drying hair. Well, Vera Louise was anxious, True Belle just smiled, and now he knew what she was smiling about, that nigger. But so was he. He had always thought there was only one kind—True Belle’s kind. Black and nothing. Like Henry Lestory. Like the filthy woman snoring on the cot. But there was another kind—like himself.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), True Belle, Golden Gray, Henry Lestory/Hunter’s Hunter, Vera Louise
Page Number: 149
Explanation and Analysis:

What was I thinking of? How could I have imagined him so poorly? Not notice the hurt that was not linked to the color of his skin, or the blood that beat beneath it. But to some other thing that longed for authenticity, for a right to be in this place, effortlessly without needing to acquire a false face, a laughless grin, a talking posture. I have been careless and stupid and it infuriates me to discover (again) how unreliable I am.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Golden Gray, Henry Lestory/Hunter’s Hunter, Vera Louise
Page Number: 151
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

Had she run away, escaped? Or had she been overtaken by smoke, fire, panic, helplessness? […] Immediately Joe fell to his hands and knees, whispering: “Is it you? Just say it. Say anything.” Someone near him was breathing. Turning around he examined the place he had just exited. Every movement and leaf shift seemed to be her. “Give me a sign, then you don’t have to say nothing. Let me see your hand. Just stick it out someplace and I’ll go; I promise. A sign.” He begged, pleaded for her hand until the light grew even smaller. “You my mother?” Yes. No. Both. Either. But not this nothing.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Dorcas, The Woman/Wild
Page Number: 178
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

They agree on everything above the waist and below: muscle, tendon, bone joint and marrow cooperate. And if the dancers hesitate, have a moment of doubt, the music will solve and dissolve any question.

Dorcas is happy. Happier than she has ever been any time. No white strands grow in her partner’s mustache. He is up and coming. Hawk-eyed, tireless and a little cruel. He has never given her a present or even thought about it. Sometimes he is where he says he will be; sometimes not. Other women want him—badly—and he has been selective. What they want and the prize it is his to give is his savvy self. What could a pair of silk stockings be compared to him? No contest. Dorcas is lucky. Knows it. And is as happy as she has ever been any time.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Joe Trace, Dorcas, Acton
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 188
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

Somebody in the house across the alley put a record on and the music floated into us through the open window. Mr. Trace moved his head to the rhythm and his wife snapped her fingers in time. She did a little step in front of him and he smiled. By and by they were dancing. Funny, like old people do, and I laughed for real. Not because of how funny they looked. Something in it made me feel I shouldn’t be there. Shouldn't be looking at them doing that.

[…] When they finished and I asked for my sweater, Mrs. Trace said, ‘Come back anytime. I want to do your hair for you anyway. Free. Your ends need clipping.’

Mr. Trace sat down and stretched. ‘This place needs birds.’

Related Characters: Violet Trace (speaker), Joe Trace (speaker), Felice (speaker), The Narrator, Dorcas
Related Symbols: Birds, Records
Page Number: 214
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

So I missed it altogether. I was sure one would kill the other. I waited for it so I could describe it. I was so sure it would happen. That the past was an abused record with no choice but to repeat itself at the crack and no power on earth could lift the arm that held the needle. I was so sure, and they danced and walked all over me. Busy, they were, busy being original, complicated, changeable—human, I guess you’d say, while I was the predictable one, confused in my solitude into arrogance, thinking my space, my view, was the only one that was or that mattered. I got so aroused while meddling, well finger-shaping, I overreached and missed the obvious.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Felice, Golden Gray
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 220
Explanation and Analysis:

But I can’t say that aloud; I can’t tell anyone that I have been waiting for this all my life and that being chosen to wait is the reason I can. If I were able I’d say it. Say make me, remake me. You are free to do it and I am free to let you because look, look. Look where your hands are. Now.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace
Page Number: 229
Explanation and Analysis: