Jazz

by

Toni Morrison

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Themes and Colors
Romantic Love Theme Icon
Jazz, Improvisation, and Reinvention Theme Icon
Motherhood Theme Icon
Racial Violence and Protest Theme Icon
Gossip vs. Knowledge Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Jazz, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Motherhood Theme Icon

Nearly every character in Jazz, Toni Morrison’s novel about a collapsing marriage in 1920s New York City, has lost his or her mother. After suffering years of poverty and violent anti-Black racism, protagonist Violet’s mother Rose Dear throws herself down a well when Violet is only 11 years old. Violet’s husband Joe has even less contact with his mother, a mysterious woman the townspeople call only “Wild.” And Dorcas, the young woman Joe has an affair with, loses both of her parents in the 1917 wave of anti-Black violence known the East St. Louis massacre. On the one hand, this lack of mothering makes Violet and her companions feel, to some extent, like permanent children: “Where the grown people?” Violet wonders aloud, “is it us?” But though the novel does not linger on even one biological mother-child relationship, many of the characters still find ways to extend motherly care to each other. Violet, post-menopausal but desperate for a baby, feels almost maternal towards the murdered Dorcas, even as she loathes her; later, she engages in more healthy mothering with Dorcas’ best friend Felice, cooking Felice dinner and cutting Felice’s hair. Dorcas’ aunt Alice Manfred is too strict a guardian to her niece—but after Dorcas’ death, Alice gets a second chance at motherhood in caring for Violet herself, patching her new friend’s torn clothes and helping her sort through her messiest feelings. By showing just how much mothering can exist outside the confines of a biological relationship, Jazz suggests a more expansive definition of motherhood and childhood, demonstrating that there is always someone in need of maternal care—and also always someone willing to extend it. 

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Motherhood ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Motherhood appears in each chapter of Jazz. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Motherhood Quotes in Jazz

Below you will find the important quotes in Jazz related to the theme of Motherhood.
Chapter 1 Quotes

The memory of the light, however, that had skipped through [Violet’s] veins came back now and then, and once in a while, on an overcast day, when certain corners in the room resisted lamplight; when the red beans in the pot seemed to be taking forever to soften, she imagined a brightness that could be carried in her arms. Distributed, if need be, into places as dark as the bottom of a well.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Rose Dear
Page Number: 22
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

What did she see, young girl like that, barely out of high school, with unbraided hair, lip rouge for the first time and high-heeled shoes? And also what did he? A young me with high-yellow skin instead of black? A young me with long wave hair instead of short? Or a not me at all. A me he was loving in Virginia because that girl Dorcas wasn’t around there anywhere. Was that it? […] Is that what happened? Standing in the cane, he was trying to catch a girl he was yet to see, but his heart knew all about, and me, holding on to him but wishing he was the golden boy I never saw either. Which means from the very beginning I was a substitute and so was he.

Related Characters: Violet Trace (speaker), Joe Trace, Dorcas, True Belle, Golden Gray
Page Number: 97
Explanation and Analysis:

The important thing, the biggest thing Violet got out of that was to never never have children. Whatever happened, no small dark foot would rest on another while a hungry mouth said, Mama?

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Rose Dear
Page Number: 102
Explanation and Analysis:

Who lay there asleep in that coffin? Who posed there awake in the photograph? The scheming bitch who had not considered Violet’s feelings one tiniest bit, who came into her life, took what she wanted and damn the consequences? Or Mama’s dumpling girl? Was she the woman who took the man, or the daughter who fled her womb? Washed away on a tide of soap, salt and castor oil. Terrified, perhaps, of so violent a home. Unaware that, had it failed, had she braved mammy-made poisons and mammy’s urgent fists, she could have had the best dressed hair in the city.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Dorcas
Page Number: 109
Explanation and Analysis:

“Oh shoot! Where the grown people? Is it us?”

“Oh, Mama.” Alice Manfred blurted it out and then covered her mouth.

Violet had the same thought: Mama. Mama? Is this where you got to and couldn't do it no more? The place of shade without trees where you know you are not and never again will be loved by anybody who can choose to do it? Where everything is over about the talking? They looked away from each other then. The silence went on and on until Alice Manfred said, “Give me that coat. I can’t look at that lining another minute.”

Related Characters: Violet Trace (speaker), The Narrator (speaker), Alice Manfred (speaker), Joe Trace, Rose Dear, Violet’s Father
Page Number: 110
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

I tracked my mother in Virginia and it led me right to her, and I tracked Dorcas from borough to borough. I didn't even have to work at it. Didn't even have to think. Something else takes over when the track begins to talk to you, give out its signs so strong you hardly have to look […] If the trail speaks, no matter what’s in the way, you can find yourself in a crowded room aiming a bullet at her heart, never mind it’s the heart you can't live without […]

I wasn't looking for the trail. It was looking for me and when it started talking at first I couldn’t hear it. I was rambling, just rambling all through the city. I had the gun but it was not the gun—it was my hand I wanted to touch you with.

Related Characters: Joe Trace (speaker), The Narrator, Dorcas, The Woman/Wild, Henry Lestory/Hunter’s Hunter, Victory Williams
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 130
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

True Belle was the one [Vera] wanted and the one she took. I don’t know how hard it was for a slave woman to leave a husband that work and distance kept her from seeing much of anyhow, and to leave two daughters behind with an old aunt to take care of them. Rose Dear and May were eight and ten years old then. […]

More important, Miss Vera Louise might help her buy them all out with paper money, because she sure had a lot of it handed to her. Then again, maybe not. Maybe she frowned as she sat in the baggage car, rocking along with the boxes and trunks, unable to see the land she was traveling through. Maybe she felt bad. Anyway, choiceless, she went.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, True Belle, Golden Gray, Vera Louise, Rose Dear
Page Number: 142
Explanation and Analysis:

[Golden thought of] the woman who cooked and cleaned for Vera Louise; who sent baskets of plum preserves, ham and loaves of bread every week while he was in boarding school; who gave his frayed shirts to rag and bone men rather than let him wear them; the woman who smiled and shook her head every time she looked at him. […] When the two of them, the whitewoman and the cook, bathed him they sometimes passed anxious looks at the palms of his hand, the texture of his drying hair. Well, Vera Louise was anxious, True Belle just smiled, and now he knew what she was smiling about, that nigger. But so was he. He had always thought there was only one kind—True Belle’s kind. Black and nothing. Like Henry Lestory. Like the filthy woman snoring on the cot. But there was another kind—like himself.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), True Belle, Golden Gray, Henry Lestory/Hunter’s Hunter, Vera Louise
Page Number: 149
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

Had she run away, escaped? Or had she been overtaken by smoke, fire, panic, helplessness? […] Immediately Joe fell to his hands and knees, whispering: “Is it you? Just say it. Say anything.” Someone near him was breathing. Turning around he examined the place he had just exited. Every movement and leaf shift seemed to be her. “Give me a sign, then you don’t have to say nothing. Let me see your hand. Just stick it out someplace and I’ll go; I promise. A sign.” He begged, pleaded for her hand until the light grew even smaller. “You my mother?” Yes. No. Both. Either. But not this nothing.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Dorcas, The Woman/Wild
Page Number: 178
Explanation and Analysis:

Although it was a private place, with an opening closed to the public, once inside you could do what you pleased: disrupt things, rummage, touch and move. Change it all to a way it was never meant to be. The color of the stone walls had changed from gold to fishkill blue by the time he left. [Joe] had seen what there was. A green dress. A rocking chair without an arm. A circle of stones for cooking. […] Also. Also, a pair of man’s trousers with buttons of bone. Carefully folded, a silk shirt, faded pale and creamy—except at the seams. There, both thread and fabric were fresh and sunny yellow.

But where is she?

Related Characters: Joe Trace (speaker), The Narrator (speaker), The Woman/Wild
Related Symbols: The Green Dress
Page Number: 184
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

So I missed it altogether. I was sure one would kill the other. I waited for it so I could describe it. I was so sure it would happen. That the past was an abused record with no choice but to repeat itself at the crack and no power on earth could lift the arm that held the needle. I was so sure, and they danced and walked all over me. Busy, they were, busy being original, complicated, changeable—human, I guess you’d say, while I was the predictable one, confused in my solitude into arrogance, thinking my space, my view, was the only one that was or that mattered. I got so aroused while meddling, well finger-shaping, I overreached and missed the obvious.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), Violet Trace, Joe Trace, Felice, Golden Gray
Related Symbols: Records
Page Number: 220
Explanation and Analysis: