Dawn features a species of aliens called Oankali with at least three different sexes: male, female, and ooloi (using “it” pronouns). Unlike humans, Oankali mating typically involves three individuals (a male, a female, and an ooloi), and it can even involve as many as five if a male and female human are added. Although protagonist Lilith frequently does not trust the Oankali, as a former anthropology student, she believes that things like their practices around sex and gender are important to understand, in order to understand Oankali culture as a whole. Less open-mindedly, human characters like Peter, Curt, and even sometimes Joseph make false comparisons between the Oankali and humans—for example, insisting upon seeing the ooloi as male. The different mating rituals and family roles of the Oankali both challenge human conventions about sex and families due to how different they are and also reinforce the idea that mating and family roles play a central part in organizing society, even a society as alien as the Oankali ship.
Human gender roles also play a role in the novel, particularly when Lilith is picking humans to Awaken for her new training group. She starts with Awakening fellow women, believing that they will be better allies and less of a threat. Still, Lilith believes that she needs a balance of human genders to support her society. She finds that having men and women together can create stability, as it does when Celene helps to calm the rebellious Curt, at least temporarily. Still, Lilith fears Awakening men based on what they might try to do, and her fears are proven correct when Peter and Greg attempt to abduct Allison. While sex and gender roles provide structure to the human society, not all of this structure is positive, as jealousy, masculine pride, and patriarchy threaten to break the new society apart. Ultimately, these gender roles relate to a larger issue of biological determinism—the idea that a person’s genetics determine their destiny. The Oankali believe in this concept very strongly, but Lilith becomes increasingly skeptical of it over the course of the novel. Like genes, gender roles and expectations can predispose humans to act certain ways, but the novel ultimately argues that human behavior is unpredictable—as Lilith learns when her efforts to carefully craft a new society from the humans she Awakens fall apart. Dawn explores how sex and gender roles need not take the same form always and everywhere, and that while such roles can have the positive effect of bringing balance to a community, they can also serve to perpetuate traits that are detrimental to society, like violence or possessiveness.
Sexuality and Gender ThemeTracker
Sexuality and Gender Quotes in Dawn
“The hell with them.” He tried to unfasten her jacket.
“No!” she shouted, deliberately startling him. “Animals get treated like this. Put a stallion and a mare together until they mate, then send them back to their owners. What do they care? They’re just animals!”
When the group broke up, Tediin came over to Lilith, took both Lilith’s arms. “It has been good having you with us,” she said in Oankali. “I’ve learned from you. It’s been a good trade.”
“I’ve learned too,” Lilith said honestly. “I wish I could stay here.” Rather than go with strangers. Rather than be sent to teach a lot of frightened, suspicious humans.
“No,” Tediin said. “Nikanj must go. You would not like to be separated from it.”
She had nothing to say to that. It was true. Everyone, even Paul Titus inadvertently, had pushed her toward Nikanj. They had succeeded.
He sat down next to her. “She’s telling people you’re a man. She says only a man can fight that way.”
Now their delight in one another ignited and burned. They moved together, sustaining an impossible intensity, both of them tireless, perfectly matched, ablaze in sensation, lost in one another. They seemed to rush upward. A long time later, they seemed to drift down slowly, gradually, savoring a few more moments wholly together.
He breathed deeply. “Let’s go then.” But he did not move. He still stood watching her. “Is it … like a drug?” he asked.
“You mean am I addicted?”
“Yes.”
“I don’t think so. I was happy with you. I didn’t want Nikanj here.”
“I don’t want him here again.”
“Nikanj isn’t male—and I doubt whether it really cares what either of us wants.”
“Don’t let him touch you! If you have a choice, keep away from him!”
The refusal to accept Nikanj’s sex frightened her because it reminded her of Paul Titus. She did not want to see Paul Titus in Joseph.
Peter’s ooloi should have noticed that at some point what Peter said and the expression he assumed ceased to agree with what his body told it. Perhaps it did not know enough about human beings to handle someone like Peter.
“I have made you pregnant with Joseph’s child. I wouldn’t have done it so soon, but I wanted to use his seed, not a print. I could not make you closely enough related to a child mixed from a print. And there’s a limit to how long I can keep sperm alive.”
She was staring at it, speechless. It was speaking as casually as though discussing the weather. She got up, would have backed away from it, but it caught her by both wrists.
She considered resisting, making it drug her and carry her back. But that seemed a pointless gesture. At least she would get another chance with a human group. A chance to teach them … but not a chance to be one of them. Never that. Never?
Another chance to say, “Learn and run!”
She would have more information for them this time. And they would have long, healthy lives ahead of them. Perhaps they could find an answer to what the Oankali had done to them. And perhaps the Oankali were not perfect. A few fertile people might slip through and find one another. Perhaps. Learn and run! If she were lost, others did not have to be. Humanity did not have to be.
She let Nikanj lead her into the dark forest and to one of the concealed dry exits.