In Butler’s Dawn, Lilith is placed in the role of being a communal mother for some humans being trained to go back to Earth by the Oankali, with references to motherhood in many of the novel’s part titles: “Birth,” “Family,” and “Nursery.” After Lilith is “birthed” by leaving a solitary room through a hole the Oankali open up, she is placed in a parent role for some other humans. The training begins with Lilith “Awakening” new humans from the modified carnivorous plants that house them, in a process similar to birth. Continuing the birth metaphor, Lilith often has to take close care of the disoriented people she Awakens until they finally adjust to the world they’re in, as they’re frequently sleeping and needing to be fed, in a baby-like state of dependence. Through all of this maternal imagery, Butler uses Lilith’s example to suggest that a maternal leadership style is more effective and sustainable than styles that have been more common across history, providing a more viable alternative for the future than the destructive leadership styles that led humanity to nuclear war.
Lilith—who is still mourning the death of her husband, Sam, and son, Ayre—uses her maternal instincts to nourish her new group of humans by teaching them how to survive and find food in the wilderness of the training room. She often faces resistance and gets blamed for her decisions, illustrating the difficulties that come with her powers. Still, when people like Peter challenge or even attack her, Lilith can’t fight back with full strength, because her ultimate goal is to prepare as many humans as possible for a future on Earth. Lilith’s ability to put the well-being of her followers above all else is like the motherhood ideal of unconditional love, and this allows her to try to ensure that all of her followers develop the skills needed to survive on the real Earth. While many of Lilith’s good qualities come from her maternal instincts, the novel shows how the Oankali take advantage of those instincts—at one point, the Oankali Nikanj even impregnates Lilith without her knowledge. This severe breach of trust highlights how in general the Oankali used Lilith’s maternal qualities to further their own ends. Butler argues that motherhood provides a more ideal leadership model for humanity, while also acknowledging that, like any form of leadership, this model comes with inherent vulnerabilities.
Motherhood and Leadership ThemeTracker
Motherhood and Leadership Quotes in Dawn
ALIVE!
Still alive.
Alive … again.
Awakening was hard, as always. The ultimate disappointment. It was a struggle to take in enough air to drive off nightmare sensations of asphyxiation. Lilith Iyapo lay gasping, shaking with the force of her effort. Her heart beat too fast, too loud. She curled around it, fetal, helpless. Circulation began to return to her arms and legs in flurries of minute, exquisite pains.
The food, she had been told, would be replaced as it was used—replaced by the ship itself which drew on its own substance to make print reconstructions of whatever each cabinet had been taught to produce.
The long wall opposite the bathrooms concealed eighty sleeping human beings—healthy, under fifty, English-speaking, and frighteningly ignorant of what was in store for them.
Lilith hesitated. “Are you believing?”
Tate looked up at her, seemed to smile a little. “How can I?”
Lilith nodded. “Yeah. But you’ll have to sooner or later, of course, and I’m supposed to do what I can to prepare you. The Oankali are ugly. Grotesque. But we can get used to them, and they won’t hurt us. Remember that. Maybe it will help when the time comes.”
“Anthropology,” Tate said disparagingly. “Why did you want to snoop through other people’s cultures? Couldn’t you find what you wanted in your own?”
Lilith smiled and noticed that Tate frowned as though this were the beginning of a wrong answer. “I started out wanting to do exactly that,” Lilith said. “Snoop. Seek. It seemed to me that my culture—ours—was running headlong over a cliff. And, of course, as it turned out, it was. I thought there must be saner ways of life.”
“Find any?”
“Didn’t have much of a chance. It wouldn’t have mattered much anyway. It was the cultures of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. that counted.”
He sat down next to her. “She’s telling people you’re a man. She says only a man can fight that way.”
“And in spite of what we see on what seems to be the other side, I believe we’ll find a wall over there.”
“In spite of the sun, the moon and the stars? In spite of the rain and the trees that have obviously been here for hundreds of years?”
Lilith sighed. “Yes.”
“All because the Oankali said so.”
“I don’t believe he meant to kill anyone,” Nikanj said. “He was angry and afraid and in pain. Joseph had injured him when he hit you. Then he saw Joseph healing, saw the flesh mending itself before his eyes. He screamed. I’ve never heard a human scream that way. Then he … used his ax.”
“I have made you pregnant with Joseph’s child. I wouldn’t have done it so soon, but I wanted to use his seed, not a print. I could not make you closely enough related to a child mixed from a print. And there’s a limit to how long I can keep sperm alive.”
She was staring at it, speechless. It was speaking as casually as though discussing the weather. She got up, would have backed away from it, but it caught her by both wrists.
She considered resisting, making it drug her and carry her back. But that seemed a pointless gesture. At least she would get another chance with a human group. A chance to teach them … but not a chance to be one of them. Never that. Never?
Another chance to say, “Learn and run!”
She would have more information for them this time. And they would have long, healthy lives ahead of them. Perhaps they could find an answer to what the Oankali had done to them. And perhaps the Oankali were not perfect. A few fertile people might slip through and find one another. Perhaps. Learn and run! If she were lost, others did not have to be. Humanity did not have to be.
She let Nikanj lead her into the dark forest and to one of the concealed dry exits.